Are emotions part of intelligence?

One definition that supports emotions being apart of intelligence 

. the ability to undertake activities that are characterized by (1) difficulty, (2) complexity, (3) abstractness, (4) economy, (5) adaptedness to goal, (6) social value, and (7) the emergence of originals, and to maintain such activities under conditions that demand a concentration of energy and a resistance to emotional forces.” 

One definition that does not support emotions being apart of intelligence 

"capacity for learning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts,meanings, etc."

“. . . a quality that is intellectual and not emotional or moral: in measuring it we try to rule out the effects of the child’s zeal, interest, industry, and the like. Secondly, it denotes a general capacity, a capacity that enters into everything the child says or does or thinks; any want of ’intelligence’ will therefore be revealed to some degree in almost all that he attempts;”

Do I consider emotions being a part of intelligence?

I personally believe that emotions are a big part of intelligence, however even though it is hard to measure, the facts are concrete which supports my opinion.
Firstly, being emotionally stable requires the ability to suppress, manipulate and control your feelings. However the ability to do so, is measured by your intelligence. Such as the Stanford Marshmallow study which was conducted to test how children control their emotional impulses.
The method of the test started by isolated a young child (4 years old) inside a room where he/she was presented with a marshmallow,  however they were told if they waited for 15 minutes they would receive another marshmallow. Most of the children then proceeded to eat the marshmallow within 15 minutes due to them not being able to control their impulses (emotions). However a small portion of the children were able to wait 15 minutes.
After several years the researchers looked up those children who were able to wait 15 minutes for another marshmallow, and those children showed much higher average scores in the SAT tests.
Due to this, I believe that emotions play a large part of intelligence, as proven in the Stanford Marshmallow study. 

My Bias

The Bandwagon Effect


- groupthink mentality
- we follow the crowd (can be big groups or small groups)
- it causes behavior, social norm and memes
- we do this to fit in and conform
- the Asch Experiment supports the idea of conformity (they wanted to fit in and thought the person was well informed)

Questions on the different prompts

• What makes something an intelligence? What is the difference between an intelligence and a skill? Support your position.

The difference between intelligence and knowledge is a topic that requires vast detail into the two different subjects. 

To understand the question, the definition of intelligence needs to be stated. Intelligence means the ability to acquire and apply the knowledge taught. 

Skill means the ability to do something well.

Intelligence is something that is biologically established from an early age. A person might be born with a higher intellectual ability with numbers, and might lack intelligence in humanitarians subjects. However skill is something that is developed over time and through experience. So what really is the difference between intelligence and experience?

Say this, a person who plays Ice Hockey five times a week will obviously deal with many skill practices every time he steps on the ice. However if he does not understand the skill he is being taught, he won't be able to apply the technique in a real life game. Moreover, being skillful will allow you to complete these techniques very well but applying them into real life games will require intelligence. Being able to apply the knowledge into game situations will showcase the intelligence and skillfulness the player has adopted.

The same goes for any other situation. 


This video outlines the difference between genetics and hard work, and which one is the most essential. 

When doing an IQ test, intelligence is the independent variable being tested. Intelligence is often something that measures creativity and the ability to learn something quickly. However skill is the ability to use the knowledge taught and apply it to different scenarios. 

We often think of skill as being something natural, which is true to a certain extent. Talent can be contrasted to skill which means for example, some people have an eye for art. Some humans are born with an excellent skill for drawing and painting. This does not correlate to intelligence as skill can be considered natural. However learning a new sport is considered to be a combination of skill and intelligence. When you're learning to drive a car, nobody starts with a natural ability to switch gears and use the clutch properly. Being intelligent allows you to learn quicker but skills are something that everyone can learn. So the difference between intelligence and skill is rather simple. Skill is developed through experience and time, while intelligence is the ability to adapt these skills. 

Facebook Fight

What does Political Correctness mean?

- Political correctness is a term that aims to not offend any specific ethnic group, culture, race or anything that is slightly considered offensive in todays society.



How offensive did I find the Mellish motor signs?
I believe the sign Mellish put up was not offensive at all. (3/10)

Personality and Gender

Big five to measure personality 

1. Social status
2.
3.
4.
5.



What they actually mean >

1. Conscientiousness
2. Extraversion
3. Agreeableness
4. Neuroticism
5. Cognitive behavior modification

Emotion and Emotional Intelligence

7 emotions (guesses) 

- Anger
- Sadness
- Anxiety
- Curiosity
- Love
- Happiness
- Jealously  


What they really are :

- Joy
- Contempt
- Distress
- Anger
- Fear
- Surprise
- Distress
- Disgust

Higher emotions 

- Affection
- Curiosity
- Confusion
- Jealously
- Anxiety
- Hatred

What they really are :

- Love
- Guilt
- Shame
- Embarrassment
- Jealously
- Envy
- Pride

Pinker versus Spelke argument

My opinion 

Of both sides of the argument, I agree with Pinker's side more. This is due to the fact that he explains the nurture and nature side. He offers concrete arguments that explains the sex differences while also considering Spelke's argument without isolating her points.





Pinker :

1. There are three types of positions that discuss sex differences. Extreme "nature" position: that males but not females have the talents and temperaments necessary for science. Extreme "nurture" position: that males and females are biologically indistinguishable, and all relevant sex differences are products of socialization and bias. Intermediate positions: that the difference is explainable by some combination of biological differences in average temperaments and talents interacting with socialization and bias. Liz Spelke has embraced the extreme nurture position
2. Liz has said that there is "not a shred of evidence" for the biological factor, that "the evidence against there being an advantage for males in intrinsic aptitude is so overwhelming that it is hard for me to see how one can make a case at this point on the other side," and that "it seems to me as conclusive as any finding I know of in science."But I don't think that in any of them I would say there is "not a shred of evidence" for the other side, even if I think that the evidence favors one side.

By proving my point, I quoted a book called Sex Differences

1. in Cognitive Ability by Diane Halpern, a well known psychologists -(“Socialization practices are undoubtedly important, but there is also good evidence that biological sex differences play a role in establishing and maintaining cognitive sex differences”)
2. So the differences between the sexes are part of the human condition.  Sex is a problem in biology and sexual reproduction goes back years. I recognize that there is a theory namely Bob Trivers' theory of differential parental investment, which makes highly specific predictions about when you should expect sex differences and what they should look like. I also state that if we want to change this, we have to understand where the source of sex difference comes from. So, differences between the sexes are part of the human condition.``Casper and Lorinc:
   1. “there is a crucial conceptual difference between difference and discrimination”
   Therefore it is social influence, since women are discriminated at workplaces
   
   
   2. Biological Similarities to support discrimination:
   -General intelligence is at similar levels
   -Similar Cognitions
3. - However there are gender differences, both have their talents men are better at throwing, whilst women are more dexterous. Men are better at mentally rotating shapes; women are better at visual memory. Men are better at mathematical solvings whilst women are better at mathematical calculations.

   - (there are statistical differences in what men and women value differently) There are some things in life that the females rated higher than males, such as the ability to have a part-time career for a limited time in one's life; living close to parents and relatives; having a meaningful spiritual life; and having strong friendships

   - Men prioritize having lots of money; inventing or creating something; having a full-time career; and being successful in one's line of work.

   
   

   • Different jobs appeal to different genders, men want to work with things, whilst woman want to work with people. (working with people might be the director of a community service organization. The occupation that fits best with “things” are chemists, mathematicians, computer programs and biologists.

   
   

   3. Further on, according to studies women are biologically equal:

   -Talented

   -Encouraged in math and sciences

   -Have equal achievements

   -Satisfied

   -However, due to evolutionary /Biological dispositions, “men, on average, are more likely to chase status at the expense of their families;”

• For spatial ability, the advantage goes to women, but in "mental rotation,"spatial perception," and "spatial visualization" the advantage goes to men.

- However there are gender differences, both have their talents men are better at throwing, whilst women are more dexterous. Men are better at mentally rotating shapes; women are better at visual memory. Men are better at mathematical solvings whilst women are better at mathematical calculations.

- (there are statistical differences in what men and women value differently) There are some things in life that the females rated higher than males, such as the ability to have a part-time career for a limited time in one's life; living close to parents and relatives; having a meaningful spiritual life; and having strong friendships

- Men prioritize having lots of money; inventing or creating something; having a full-time career; and being successful in one's line of work.

• Different jobs appeal to different genders, men want to work with things, whilst woman want to work with people. (working with people might be the director of a community service organization. The occupation that fits best with “things” are chemists, mathematicians, computer programs and biologists.

3. Further on, according to studies women are biologically equal:

-Talented

-Encouraged in math and sciences

-Have equal achievements

-Satisfied

-However, due to evolutionary /Biological dispositions, “men, on average, are more likely to chase status at the expense of their families;”

4. Biological influences could apply, through risk taking.

-Evolutionary, as Pinker states, that women are less risk takers, just due to their gender

-In a large meta-analysis involving 150 studies and 100,000 participants, in 14 out of 16 categories of risk-taking, men were overrepresented.

Idan:

-Effectiveness of aptitude tests (people in science careers are in the 90th percentile for SAT math)

-In a science paper by Novell and Hedges, it was found that in 35 out of 37 tests, the male variance for test results was higher than that of the female variance

-IQ in Scotland, females predominate in the middle, and men slightly predominate at both extremes.

-In nature vs. nurture, one is not completely responsible for male dominance in work, but we try to prove that biology is greater than zero

-levels of sex hormones, difference in brain size and shapes

-in all cultures, greater involvement of women in child care, and men in competitiveness

-To analyze Personality, a cross-national survey was conducted which had consistent results across the different age groups for personality difference in genders.

- Diane Halpern analyzed results for cognitive tests across ten nations and concluded that the majority of the results showed cross cultural consistency between genders

-Despite feminist movements, very little change in personal life interests were seen for both genders

-sex differences seen in other mammals (among baby vervet monkeys, males prefer to play with trucks and females with other toys)

-sex differences in early childhood, (newborn baby boys prefer looking at an object, while newborn baby girls at a face)

-Boys grown up as girls from an early age, showed 'boyish' behaviour

-No difference between way boys and girls are treated by parents and treated

-prenatal sex hormones affect people's behaviour, girls with male hormones prenatally had 'boyish' traits

• with X chromosomes, people who have only x chromosomes showed that if the x chromosome came from the mom, they acted more like girls, and if they got it from the father, then they were less social and more technical.

Spelke >